iOS 18 introduced a new process named com.apple.ContactsUI.LimitedAccessPromptView which is required to handle elements listed in a new contact permissions dialog in iOS 18+. Such elements were not able to be recognized by com.apple.springboard.
I haven’t noticed this new behavior when I investigated iOS 18 beta in https://github.com/appium/appium/issues/20239, but https://forums.developer.apple.com/forums/thread/758669 told me this new one.
I left the finding as current workaround in https://appium.github.io/appium-xcuitest-driver/latest/guides/troubleshooting/#interact-with-dialogs-managed-by-comapplecontactsuilimitedaccesspromptview.
Hopefully this will help test automation world.
~ my tech diary ~ 